City (415.888 ab. In 2007) in Peru center-west, chief town of the homonymous department, 10 km W of the center of Lima, with which it forms a single urban center. Situated at the mouth of the river Rimac in the Pacific Ocean, in a bay protected from the island San Lorenzo, is the main commercial port of the country.

The second city of Peru for number of inhabitants, is the seat of shipbuilding industries, chemical, petrochemical, textile, food and wood and is linked to the capital by a railway (the oldest of South America, inaugurated in 1851) and by fast roads. § founded in 1537 by the Spanish during the period of the vicereame, was active commercial port in Spanish. In the XVII and XVIII centuries its wealth stimulated the greed of many pirates who repeatedly put a lot: Drake (1578), Cavendish (1587), the Dutch in 1624. During the war for independence of Latin America, was the last bastion of the Spanish presence. After the intake of Lima by San Martín (1821) was besieged by the revolutionaries and resisted until 1826, when it was lowered the last Spanish flag in South America. In 1866 it underwent a new siege by the Spaniards, who were at war with Chile and Peru. Finally, during the war of the Pacific of 1879-83 the city was occupied by the Chilean and was returned to Peru only after the signing of the peace of Ancón (1883). City (375.058 ab. In 1998) in Peru and the capital of the department of Lambayeque, in the region of Norte. Situated at 27 m near the coast of the Pacific on highway panamericana, is an active commercial center with food industries (factories), cement, glass and clothing. Through the airports of Pimentel and Etén, which is connected by rail, export sugar, cotton and wheat. Airport. The city is home, since 1962, of the National University of Lambayeque. City (852.807 ab. In 2013) in Peru and the capital of the department of the same name. Located at 2339 m on the Río Chili, at the foot of the Volcano Misti, in a zone intensely cultivated with cereals, potatoes, fruit and vegetables, has tracks spacious and beautiful civil and religious buildings in colonial style (Cathedral of 1612), built in a stone white volcanic sillar (). It developed only since 1876 when the construction of railways the allowed better links with Mollendo, its outlet on the Pacific, from which is 85 km, and with the hinterland (regions of Puno Lake Titicaca and the Cuzco). The second city of Peru for number of inhabitants, is an active center of trade between the coast and the interior of the country, as well as with Bolivia and Chile. It is the seat of the textile industries (cotton and wool), shoes, food and cement and is served by an international airport with considerable movement, especially tourism. University (Universidad Nacional de San Agustã n, founded in 1828, and Universidad Santa MARÃ A). Its historic center is a UNESCO world heritage site since 2000. § founded in 1540 at the behest of Francisco Pizarro, arose in the homonymous valley that had previously been colonized by order of the inca Mayta Capac. During the wars of independence the area of Arequipa was the theater of several clashes. Later the same city saw the emergence of revolts against the governments of Lima, both in the XIX and XX century, especially during the dictatorship of General Manuel Odría. City (211.608 ab. In 2013) in Peru, the Chief Town of the homonymous department, 380 km NNW of Lima, located at 2750 m s.m. at the center of a vast plateau of the Central Cordillera, on the homonymous river. Center for the production of wool and cotton, is the seat of the textile, tanner and refineries of copper. § belonged to the tribal group conchuco, that in the XII century was opposed to the Conquest Inca. The resistance of the Conchucos was tamed by Tupac Yupanqui at the time of his gear on Quito. In 1533 took place the drama of the last Inca Atahualpa, imprisoned and then executed by Pizarro with other members of the imperial family. The Chilean invasion of 1882 was rejected after a bitter battle (13 July) in which perished almost all defenders of the city. § Cajamarca is known above all for its peculiar ceramics, divided into five stages, the last of which corresponds to the era Inca and, for the reasons paintings that decorate (thin lines drawn with a brush), is called "italic style". City (220.866 ab. In 1998) in Peru and the capital of the department of Ucayali, 480 km NE to Lima, at 154 m on the left bank of the river Ucayali. River Port and agricultural market (cereals, cassava, bananas, tea, tobacco, coffee, coca), has experienced a certain development of industry, particularly important today in the sectors of food, wood and in that linked to the exploitation of oil, which - by pipeline - comes from Agua Caliente. This industrial growth has exercised a strong attraction on many inhabitants of rural areas of the country and the city has, in a few years, sestuplicato its population. Equipped with airport is connected to the capital from the road so-called Transandina. The Council of trusteeship administration Also known as the Council of protection, constituted to provide an international control to 11 territories under trusteeship of 7 Member States and to ensure all measures necessary for the preparation of their autonomy or independence. Having obtained in the first half of the Nineties, all the territories the autonomy or independence, including that of Palau, entrusted to us, the Council concluded its task and therefore is composed only of the 5 permanent members and has amended its rules of procedure to allow only occasional meetings. International courts The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations acting on disputes between States, genuine continuation of the Permanent Court of International Justice, which esplicava this function in connection with the Society of Nations. In terms of its Statute - that is attached and form an integral part of the Charter of the United Nations - the Court of Justice shall consist of 15 Judges appointed in a personal capacity (with separate votes in the Security Council and the General Assembly) for 9 years and re-elected, chosen among persons of high moral standing and among the highest judicial offices in their respective countries or for the competence in the field of international law, so that the composition of the Court reflects the main forms of civilization and the principal legal systems of the world. If no, or only one of the contending parties has one of its own citizens among the judges of the Court, the status is not "represented" may designate in addition to the discussion of the dispute which concerns him, an ad hoc judge. The Court shall decide by a majority of the votes and permanently, with judgment is binding on the parties to the dispute, in accordance with the rules of international law, disputes between States that these to it simultaneously submit or have undertaken to submit. Moreover the Court can make, according to the same criteria, legal advisory opinions at the request of the General Assembly, the Security Council or of other organs and specialized agencies of the United Nations authorized by the General Assembly, on issues which arise in the context of the respective activity. In the event that the unsuccessful party does not comply with the decision of the Court, the other party may have recourse to the Security Council because they provide, with recommendations or decisions, to obtain the execution of the judgment. § The International Criminal Court was created in July 1998 on the basis of a treaty concluded in Rome from 120 States: why was actually established was requires ratification by at least 60 countries (including Italy, but not two powers such as the United States and Russia, which are not among the signatories of the Treaty). The Court has established itself on 1 July 2002 and has the task of bringing proceedings those individuals who are recognized as responsible for the most serious international crimes (war crimes or crimes against humanity, genocide), made as from the date of its establishment. You can be tried by the International Criminal Court only in the case in which the national courts are not able to proceed on their own. The penalties are: imprisonment (in the most serious cases); imprisonment up to 30 years; financial penalties; confiscation of goods. The 18 judges (operational since 2003) remain in office for nine years and are elected from among candidates from Member States (not more than one judge per Member). The Secretariat Bureaucratic component that performs the administrative work of the United Nations, following the directives of the General Assembly, the Security Council and of the other institutes. Its guide is placed the Secretary General, appointing the additional staff required, deals with the administrative guide General, has functions political-diplomatic and draws attention to the Security Council on any question which could threaten international peace and security. The Secretary General can also be invested with particular tasks from the other principal organs to whose work (except those of the Court) participates in person or through delegates. The Secretary General is appointed by the General Assembly on a proposal of the Security Council, for a predetermined period: the charge was occupied, from 1946 to 1952, by Trygve Lie, followed by the Swedish Dag Hammarskjöld, died in 1961 in a plane crash in Africa, from 1961 to 1971 from Burma S. U Thant, from 1972 to 1981 by an Austrian Kurt Waldheim, from 1982 to 1992 from the Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar who was succeeded the Egyptian Boutros Boutros Ghali, from 1996 by ghanense Kofi Annan (Awarded at the same time as the UN with the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001), since 2007 the South Korean Ban Ki-moon. The Secretariat is divided into several departments and offices, whose operating sites include the general district of New York and the offices of Geneva, Vienna and Nairobi. The Secretary General and the officials shall enjoy the privileges and immunities as are necessary for the performance of their duties, in accordance with the rules set out in special agreements concluded by the Organization (primarily with the United States). To the solution of disputes between the UN and its officials and employees provides its suitable courts, the Administrative Tribunal of the United Nations. Cocaine Sf. [XX century; from Coca (botany)+-ina]. Alkaloid contained in the leaves of coca. Was isolated from Niemann in 1860 and obtained for the first time for synthesis from Willstätter in 1923. Cocaine is the methyl ester of benzoylecgonine; in its molecule having a structure similar to that of atropine there are 4 asymmetric carbon atoms: Of the 16 possible stereoisomers some found in nature, others were produced by synthesis. In the leaves of coca there are L-cocaine and small amounts of D-pseudococaina. Alkaloids related to cocaine, and which are also contained in the leaves of coca, are the ecgonina, truxilina and tropacocaina. The cocaine is considered a poison general of protoplasm since, at appropriate concentrations, may alter the functions of each cell type. In the past, has had an interest in clinical practice especially its action local anesthetic, due to a reversible paralysis of the fibers and sensitive nerve endings; but, despite being a good anesthetic surface, cocaine has subsequently found a limited use in medicine, both for the high toxicity for both the ease with which produces phenomena of drug addiction. Is used for anesthesia superficial corneal in eye drops to the 1-3%, for applications on the nasal mucosa and nasopharyngeal, in antipruriginose ointments and urethral glow plugs.cocaine causes intense excitation of the central nervous system with involvement of motory areas and of the psychic sphere. The subject is in a state of drunkenness euphoric, warns a feeling of physical energy and intellectual, with consequent overstatement of its possibilities. You also have hallucinations, often pleasant content, and sometimes events delirious. Acute intoxication from cocaine produces excitement, mydriasis, irregular respiration, delirium, convulsions and death for respiratory paralysis; the chronic intoxication (one of the most serious and widespread drug addiction) causes a rapid physical and mental deterioration of the subject, body weight reduction for loss of appetite and digestive disorders, insomnia, tremors, progressive cachexia, sexual impotence. The psychic deterioration are the expression the loss of critical power, the inability of application to the mental work, the attenuation of the will, disorders character traits of various kinds. Often in the more advanced stages the cocaine addict is prey to esasperanti visual hallucinations, acoustic and tactile, which can make it dangerous both for himself and for society. The repeated use of cocaine also causes a state of subjection, i.e. "need toxic" of the drug, less serious, however, of what you have in the morfinomania. The divezzamento of cocaine addict is easy in recent poisoning; becomes difficult after relapses. Maniòca Sf. [XVIII century; source entry tupi]. Common name used to indicate some species of shrubs of the genus Manihot (Euforbiacee family), and in particular of the Manihot useful (said cassava bitter) and Manihot palmata (said manioc sweet), all originating from America Centro-Meridionale and cultivated in many tropical countries for roots tuberizzate, very rich in starch, of considerable importance for food. Especially in the bitter varieties such tubers contain in their laticiferi, a liquid poison for the presence of a glucoside (manihotossina) that decomposes easily giving rise to the formation of hydrocyanic acid, drawback which is removed with the washing and cooking. In the countries of origin the tubers are consumed directly, or reduced to flour; if it also extracts a starch with which it produces the tapioca, food very light and nutritious, also often used in Europe for the preparation of dietetic foods. 1) Artiodactyl tilopode (Blade pacos) family of camelids, very similar to the guanaco and who lives today only the state home, equal to that of the blade. Has mantle with very long hair and thick, chocolate color, but often also very different, stature smaller than the blade, head shorter and ears shorter. Limited to Peru and Bolivia, lived in the wild state, probably up to 200 a. C. when it was tamed. City (415.888 ab. In 2007) in Peru center-west, chief town of the homonymous department, 10 km W of the center of Lima, with which it forms a single urban center. Situated at the mouth of the river Rimac in the Pacific Ocean, in a bay protected from the island San Lorenzo, is the main commercial port of the country. The second city of Peru for number of inhabitants, is the seat of shipbuilding industries, chemical, petrochemical, textile, food and wood and is linked to the capital by a railway (the oldest of South America, inaugurated in 1851) and by fast roads. § founded in 1537 by the Spanish during the period of the vicereame, was active commercial port in Spanish. In the XVII and XVIII centuries its wealth stimulated the greed of many pirates who repeatedly put a lot: Drake (1578), Cavendish (1587), the Dutch in 1624. During the war for independence of Latin America, was the last bastion of the Spanish presence. After the intake of Lima by San Martín (1821) was besieged by the revolutionaries and resisted until 1826, when it was lowered the last Spanish flag in South America. In 1866 it underwent a new siege by the Spaniards, who were at war with Chile and Peru. Finally, during the war of the Pacific of 1879-83 the city was occupied by the Chilean and was returned to Peru only after the signing of the peace of Ancón (1883). City (375.058 ab. In 1998) in Peru and the capital of the department of Lambayeque, in the region of Norte. Situated at 27 m near the coast of the Pacific on highway panamericana, is an active commercial center with food industries (factories), cement, glass and clothing. Through the airports of Pimentel and Etén, which is connected by rail, export sugar, cotton and wheat. Airport. The city is home, since 1962, of the National University of Lambayeque. City (852.807 ab. In 2013) in Peru and the capital of the department of the same name. Located at 2339 m on the Río Chili, at the foot of the Volcano Misti, in a zone intensely cultivated with cereals, potatoes, fruit and vegetables, has tracks spacious and beautiful civil and religious buildings in colonial style (Cathedral of 1612), built in a stone white volcanic sillar (). It developed only since 1876 when the construction of railways the allowed better links with Mollendo, its outlet on the Pacific, from which is 85 km, and with the hinterland (regions of Puno Lake Titicaca and the Cuzco). The second city of Peru for number of inhabitants, is an active center of trade between the coast and the interior of the country, as well as with Bolivia and Chile. It is the seat of the textile industries (cotton and wool), shoes, food and cement and is served by an international airport with considerable movement, especially tourism. University (Universidad Nacional de San Agustã n, founded in 1828, and Universidad Santa MARÃ A). Its historic center is a UNESCO world heritage site since 2000. § founded in 1540 at the behest of Francisco Pizarro, arose in the homonymous valley that had previously been colonized by order of the inca Mayta Capac. During the wars of independence the area of Arequipa was the theater of several clashes. Later the same city saw the emergence of revolts against the governments of Lima, both in the XIX and XX century, especially during the dictatorship of General Manuel Odría. City (211.608 ab. In 2013) in Peru, the Chief Town of the homonymous department, 380 km NNW of Lima, located at 2750 m s.m. at the center of a vast plateau of the Central Cordillera, on the homonymous river. Center for the production of wool and cotton, is the seat of the textile, tanner and refineries of copper. § belonged to the tribal group conchuco, that in the XII century was opposed to the Conquest Inca. The resistance of the Conchucos was tamed by Tupac Yupanqui at the time of his gear on Quito. In 1533 took place the drama of the last Inca Atahualpa, imprisoned and then executed by Pizarro with other members of the imperial family. The Chilean invasion of 1882 was rejected after a bitter battle (13 July) in which perished almost all defenders of the city. § Cajamarca is known above all for its peculiar ceramics, divided into five stages, the last of which corresponds to the era Inca and, for the reasons paintings that decorate (thin lines drawn with a brush), is called "italic style". City (220.866 ab. In 1998) in Peru and the capital of the department of Ucayali, 480 km NE to Lima, at 154 m on the left bank of the river Ucayali. River Port and agricultural market (cereals, cassava, bananas, tea, tobacco, coffee, coca), has experienced a certain development of industry, particularly important today in the sectors of food, wood and in that linked to the exploitation of oil, which - by pipeline - comes from Agua Caliente. This industrial growth has exercised a strong attraction on many inhabitants of rural areas of the country and the city has, in a few years, sestuplicato its population. Equipped with airport is connected to the capital from the road so-called Transandina. The Council of trusteeship administration Also known as the Council of protection, constituted to provide an international control to 11 territories under trusteeship of 7 Member States and to ensure all measures necessary for the preparation of their autonomy or independence. Having obtained in the first half of the Nineties, all the territories the autonomy or independence, including that of Palau, entrusted to us, the Council concluded its task and therefore is composed only of the 5 permanent members and has amended its rules of procedure to allow only occasional meetings. International courts The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations acting on disputes between States, genuine continuation of the Permanent Court of International Justice, which esplicava this function in connection with the Society of Nations. In terms of its Statute - that is attached and form an integral part of the Charter of the United Nations - the Court of Justice shall consist of 15 Judges appointed in a personal capacity (with separate votes in the Security Council and the General Assembly) for 9 years and re-elected, chosen among persons of high moral standing and among the highest judicial offices in their respective countries or for the competence in the field of international law, so that the composition of the Court reflects the main forms of civilization and the principal legal systems of the world. If no, or only one of the contending parties has one of its own citizens among the judges of the Court, the status is not "represented" may designate in addition to the discussion of the dispute which concerns him, an ad hoc judge. The Court shall decide by a majority of the votes and permanently, with judgment is binding on the parties to the dispute, in accordance with the rules of international law, disputes between States that these to it simultaneously submit or have undertaken to submit. Moreover the Court can make, according to the same criteria, legal advisory opinions at the request of the General Assembly, the Security Council or of other organs and specialized agencies of the United Nations authorized by the General Assembly, on issues which arise in the context of the respective activity. In the event that the unsuccessful party does not comply with the decision of the Court, the other party may have recourse to the Security Council because they provide, with recommendations or decisions, to obtain the execution of the judgment. § The International Criminal Court was created in July 1998 on the basis of a treaty concluded in Rome from 120 States: why was actually established was requires ratification by at least 60 countries (including Italy, but not two powers such as the United States and Russia, which are not among the signatories of the Treaty). The Court has established itself on 1 July 2002 and has the task of bringing proceedings those individuals who are recognized as responsible for the most serious international crimes (war crimes or crimes against humanity, genocide), made as from the date of its establishment. You can be tried by the International Criminal Court only in the case in which the national courts are not able to proceed on their own. The penalties are: imprisonment (in the most serious cases); imprisonment up to 30 years; financial penalties; confiscation of goods. The 18 judges (operational since 2003) remain in office for nine years and are elected from among candidates from Member States (not more than one judge per Member). The Secretariat Bureaucratic component that performs the administrative work of the United Nations, following the directives of the General Assembly, the Security Council and of the other institutes. Its guide is placed the Secretary General, appointing the additional staff required, deals with the administrative guide General, has functions political-diplomatic and draws attention to the Security Council on any question which could threaten international peace and security. The Secretary General can also be invested with particular tasks from the other principal organs to whose work (except those of the Court) participates in person or through delegates. The Secretary General is appointed by the General Assembly on a proposal of the Security Council, for a predetermined period: the charge was occupied, from 1946 to 1952, by Trygve Lie, followed by the Swedish Dag Hammarskjöld, died in 1961 in a plane crash in Africa, from 1961 to 1971 from Burma S. U Thant, from 1972 to 1981 by an Austrian Kurt Waldheim, from 1982 to 1992 from the Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar who was succeeded the Egyptian Boutros Boutros Ghali, from 1996 by ghanense Kofi Annan (Awarded at the same time as the UN with the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001), since 2007 the South Korean Ban Ki-moon. The Secretariat is divided into several departments and offices, whose operating sites include the general district of New York and the offices of Geneva, Vienna and Nairobi. The Secretary General and the officials shall enjoy the privileges and immunities as are necessary for the performance of their duties, in accordance with the rules set out in special agreements concluded by the Organization (primarily with the United States). To the solution of disputes between the UN and its officials and employees provides its suitable courts, the Administrative Tribunal of the United Nations. Cocaine Sf. [XX century; from Coca (botany)+-ina]. Alkaloid contained in the leaves of coca. Was isolated from Niemann in 1860 and obtained for the first time for synthesis from Willstätter in 1923. Cocaine is the methyl ester of benzoylecgonine; in its molecule having a structure similar to that of atropine there are 4 asymmetric carbon atoms: Of the 16 possible stereoisomers some found in nature, others were produced by synthesis. In the leaves of coca there are L-cocaine and small amounts of D-pseudococaina. Alkaloids related to cocaine, and which are also contained in the leaves of coca, are the ecgonina, truxilina and tropacocaina. The cocaine is considered a poison general of protoplasm since, at appropriate concentrations, may alter the functions of each cell type. In the past, has had an interest in clinical practice especially its action local anesthetic, due to a reversible paralysis of the fibers and sensitive nerve endings; but, despite being a good anesthetic surface, cocaine has subsequently found a limited use in medicine, both for the high toxicity for both the ease with which produces phenomena of drug addiction. Is used for anesthesia superficial corneal in eye drops to the 1-3%, for applications on the nasal mucosa and nasopharyngeal, in antipruriginose ointments and urethral glow plugs.cocaine causes intense excitation of the central nervous system with involvement of motory areas and of the psychic sphere. The subject is in a state of drunkenness euphoric, warns a feeling of physical energy and intellectual, with consequent overstatement of its possibilities. You also have hallucinations, often pleasant content, and sometimes events delirious. Acute intoxication from cocaine produces excitement, mydriasis, irregular respiration, delirium, convulsions and death for respiratory paralysis; the chronic intoxication (one of the most serious and widespread drug addiction) causes a rapid physical and mental deterioration of the subject, body weight reduction for loss of appetite and digestive disorders, insomnia, tremors, progressive cachexia, sexual impotence. The psychic deterioration are the expression the loss of critical power, the inability of application to the mental work, the attenuation of the will, disorders character traits of various kinds. Often in the more advanced stages the cocaine addict is prey to esasperanti visual hallucinations, acoustic and tactile, which can make it dangerous both for himself and for society. The repeated use of cocaine also causes a state of subjection, i.e. "need toxic" of the drug, less serious, however, of what you have in the morfinomania. The divezzamento of cocaine addict is easy in recent poisoning; becomes difficult after relapses. Maniòca Sf. [XVIII century; source entry tupi]. Common name used to indicate some species of shrubs of the genus Manihot (Euforbiacee family), and in particular of the Manihot useful (said cassava bitter) and Manihot palmata (said manioc sweet), all originating from America Centro-Meridionale and cultivated in many tropical countries for roots tuberizzate, very rich in starch, of considerable importance for food. Especially in the bitter varieties such tubers contain in their laticiferi, a liquid poison for the presence of a glucoside (manihotossina) that decomposes easily giving rise to the formation of hydrocyanic acid, drawback which is removed with the washing and cooking. In the countries of origin the tubers are consumed directly, or reduced to flour; if it also extracts a starch with which it produces the tapioca, food very light and nutritious, also often used in Europe for the preparation of dietetic foods. 1) Artiodactyl tilopode (Blade pacos) family of camelids, very similar to the guanaco and who lives today only the state home, equal to that of the blade. Has mantle with very long hair and thick, chocolate color, but often also very different, stature smaller than the blade, head shorter and ears shorter. Limited to Peru and Bolivia, lived in the wild state, probably up to 200 a. C. when it was tamed. City (415.888 ab. In 2007) in Peru center-west, chief town of the homonymous department, 10 km W of the center of Lima, with which it forms a single urban center. Situated at the mouth of the river Rimac in the Pacific Ocean, in a bay protected from the island San Lorenzo, is the main commercial port of the country. The second city of Peru for number of inhabitants, is the seat of shipbuilding industries, chemical, petrochemical, textile, food and wood and is linked to the capital by a railway (the oldest of South America, inaugurated in 1851) and by fast roads. § founded in 1537 by the Spanish during the period of the vicereame, was active commercial port in Spanish. In the XVII and XVIII centuries its wealth stimulated the greed of many pirates who repeatedly put a lot: Drake (1578), Cavendish (1587), the Dutch in 1624. During the war for independence of Latin America, was the last bastion of the Spanish presence. After the intake of Lima by San Martín (1821) was besieged by the revolutionaries and resisted until 1826, when it was lowered the last Spanish flag in South America. In 1866 it underwent a new siege by the Spaniards, who were at war with Chile and Peru. Finally, during the war of the Pacific of 1879-83 the city was occupied by the Chilean and was returned to Peru only after the signing of the peace of Ancón (1883). City (375.058 ab. In 1998) in Peru and the capital of the department of Lambayeque, in the region of Norte. Situated at 27 m near the coast of the Pacific on highway panamericana, is an active commercial center with food industries (factories), cement, glass and clothing. Through the airports of Pimentel and Etén, which is connected by rail, export sugar, cotton and wheat. Airport. The city is home, since 1962, of the National University of Lambayeque. City (852.807 ab. In 2013) in Peru and the capital of the department of the same name. Located at 2339 m on the Río Chili, at the foot of the Volcano Misti, in a zone intensely cultivated with cereals, potatoes, fruit and vegetables, has tracks spacious and beautiful civil and religious buildings in colonial style (Cathedral of 1612), built in a stone white volcanic sillar (). It developed only since 1876 when the construction of railways the allowed better links with Mollendo, its outlet on the Pacific, from which is 85 km, and with the hinterland (regions of Puno Lake Titicaca and the Cuzco). The second city of Peru for number of inhabitants, is an active center of trade between the coast and the interior of the country, as well as with Bolivia and Chile. It is the seat of the textile industries (cotton and wool), shoes, food and cement and is served by an international airport with considerable movement, especially tourism. University (Universidad Nacional de San Agustã n, founded in 1828, and Universidad Santa MARÃ A). Its historic center is a UNESCO world heritage site since 2000. § founded in 1540 at the behest of Francisco Pizarro, arose in the homonymous valley that had previously been colonized by order of the inca Mayta Capac. During the wars of independence the area of Arequipa was the theater of several clashes. Later the same city saw the emergence of revolts against the governments of Lima, both in the XIX and XX century, especially during the dictatorship of General Manuel Odría. City (211.608 ab. In 2013) in Peru, the Chief Town of the homonymous department, 380 km NNW of Lima, located at 2750 m s.m. at the center of a vast plateau of the Central Cordillera, on the homonymous river. Center for the production of wool and cotton, is the seat of the textile, tanner and refineries of copper. § belonged to the tribal group conchuco, that in the XII century was opposed to the Conquest Inca. The resistance of the Conchucos was tamed by Tupac Yupanqui at the time of his gear on Quito. In 1533 took place the drama of the last Inca Atahualpa, imprisoned and then executed by Pizarro with other members of the imperial family. The Chilean invasion of 1882 was rejected after a bitter battle (13 July) in which perished almost all defenders of the city. § Cajamarca is known above all for its peculiar ceramics, divided into five stages, the last of which corresponds to the era Inca and, for the reasons paintings that decorate (thin lines drawn with a brush), is called "italic style". City (220.866 ab. In 1998) in Peru and the capital of the department of Ucayali, 480 km NE to Lima, at 154 m on the left bank of the river Ucayali. River Port and agricultural market (cereals, cassava, bananas, tea, tobacco, coffee, coca), has experienced a certain development of industry, particularly important today in the sectors of food, wood and in that linked to the exploitation of oil, which - by pipeline - comes from Agua Caliente. This industrial growth has exercised a strong attraction on many inhabitants of rural areas of the country and the city has, in a few years, sestuplicato its population. Equipped with airport is connected to the capital from the road so-called Transandina. The Council of trusteeship administration Also known as the Council of protection, constituted to provide an international control to 11 territories under trusteeship of 7 Member States and to ensure all measures necessary for the preparation of their autonomy or independence. Having obtained in the first half of the Nineties, all the territories the autonomy or independence, including that of Palau, entrusted to us, the Council concluded its task and therefore is composed only of the 5 permanent members and has amended its rules of procedure to allow only occasional meetings. International courts The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations acting on disputes between States, genuine continuation of the Permanent Court of International Justice, which esplicava this function in connection with the Society of Nations. In terms of its Statute - that is attached and form an integral part of the Charter of the United Nations - the Court of Justice shall consist of 15 Judges appointed in a personal capacity (with separate votes in the Security Council and the General Assembly) for 9 years and re-elected, chosen among persons of high moral standing and among the highest judicial offices in their respective countries or for the competence in the field of international law, so that the composition of the Court reflects the main forms of civilization and the principal legal systems of the world. If no, or only one of the contending parties has one of its own citizens among the judges of the Court, the status is not "represented" may designate in addition to the discussion of the dispute which concerns him, an ad hoc judge. The Court shall decide by a majority of the votes and permanently, with judgment is binding on the parties to the dispute, in accordance with the rules of international law, disputes between States that these to it simultaneously submit or have undertaken to submit. Moreover the Court can make, according to the same criteria, legal advisory opinions at the request of the General Assembly, the Security Council or of other organs and specialized agencies of the United Nations authorized by the General Assembly, on issues which arise in the context of the respective activity. In the event that the unsuccessful party does not comply with the decision of the Court, the other party may have recourse to the Security Council because they provide, with recommendations or decisions, to obtain the execution of the judgment. § The International Criminal Court was created in July 1998 on the basis of a treaty concluded in Rome from 120 States: why was actually established was requires ratification by at least 60 countries (including Italy, but not two powers such as the United States and Russia, which are not among the signatories of the Treaty). The Court has established itself on 1 July 2002 and has the task of bringing proceedings those individuals who are recognized as responsible for the most serious international crimes (war crimes or crimes against humanity, genocide), made as from the date of its establishment. You can be tried by the International Criminal Court only in the case in which the national courts are not able to proceed on their own. The penalties are: imprisonment (in the most serious cases); imprisonment up to 30 years; financial penalties; confiscation of goods. The 18 judges (operational since 2003) remain in office for nine years and are elected from among candidates from Member States (not more than one judge per Member). The Secretariat Bureaucratic component that performs the administrative work of the United Nations, following the directives of the General Assembly, the Security Council and of the other institutes. Its guide is placed the Secretary General, appointing the additional staff required, deals with the administrative guide General, has functions political-diplomatic and draws attention to the Security Council on any question which could threaten international peace and security. The Secretary General can also be invested with particular tasks from the other principal organs to whose work (except those of the Court) participates in person or through delegates. The Secretary General is appointed by the General Assembly on a proposal of the Security Council, for a predetermined period: the charge was occupied, from 1946 to 1952, by Trygve Lie, followed by the Swedish Dag Hammarskjöld, died in 1961 in a plane crash in Africa, from 1961 to 1971 from Burma S. U Thant, from 1972 to 1981 by an Austrian Kurt Waldheim, from 1982 to 1992 from the Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar who was succeeded the Egyptian Boutros Boutros Ghali, from 1996 by ghanense Kofi Annan (Awarded at the same time as the UN with the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001), since 2007 the South Korean Ban Ki-moon. The Secretariat is divided into several departments and offices, whose operating sites include the general district of New York and the offices of Geneva, Vienna and Nairobi. The Secretary General and the officials shall enjoy the privileges and immunities as are necessary for the performance of their duties, in accordance with the rules set out in special agreements concluded by the Organization (primarily with the United States). To the solution of disputes between the UN and its officials and employees provides its suitable courts, the Administrative Tribunal of the United Nations. A1 A2  Cocaine Sf. [XX century; from Coca (botany)+-ina]. Alkaloid contained in the leaves of coca. Was isolated from Niemann in 1860 and obtained for the first time for synthesis from Willstätter in 1923. Cocaine is the methyl ester of benzoylecgonine; in its molecule having a structure similar to that of atropine there are 4 asymmetric carbon atoms: Of the 16 possible stereoisomers some found in nature, others were produced by synthesis. In the leaves of coca there are L-cocaine and small amounts of D-pseudococaina. Alkaloids related to cocaine, and which are also contained in the leaves of coca, are the ecgonina, truxilina and tropacocaina. The cocaine is considered a poison general of protoplasm since, at appropriate concentrations, may alter the functions of each cell type. In the past, has had an interest in clinical practice especially its action local anesthetic, due to a reversible paralysis of the fibers and sensitive nerve endings; but, despite being a good anesthetic surface, cocaine has subsequently found a limited use in medicine, both for the high toxicity for both the ease with which produces phenomena of drug addiction. Is used for anesthesia superficial corneal in eye drops to the 1-3%, for applications on the nasal mucosa and nasopharyngeal, in antipruriginose ointments and urethral glow plugs.cocaine causes intense excitation of the central nervous system with involvement of motory areas and of the psychic sphere. The subject is in a state of drunkenness euphoric, warns a feeling of physical energy and intellectual, with consequent overstatement of its possibilities. You also have hallucinations, often pleasant content, and sometimes events delirious. Acute intoxication from cocaine produces excitement, mydriasis, irregular respiration, delirium, convulsions and death for respiratory paralysis; the chronic intoxication (one of the most serious and widespread drug addiction) causes a rapid physical and mental deterioration of the subject, body weight reduction for loss of appetite and digestive disorders, insomnia, tremors, progressive cachexia, sexual impotence. The psychic deterioration are the expression the loss of critical power, the inability of application to the mental work, the attenuation of the will, disorders character traits of various kinds. Often in the more advanced stages the cocaine addict is prey to esasperanti visual hallucinations, acoustic and tactile, which can make it dangerous both for himself and for society. The repeated use of cocaine also causes a state of subjection, i.e. "need toxic" of the drug, less serious, however, of what you have in the morfinomania. The divezzamento of cocaine addict is easy in recent poisoning; becomes difficult after relapses. Maniòca Sf. [XVIII century; source entry tupi]. Common name used to indicate some species of shrubs of the genus Manihot (Euforbiacee family), and in particular of the Manihot useful (said cassava bitter) and Manihot palmata (said manioc sweet), all originating from America Centro-Meridionale and cultivated in many tropical countries for roots tuberizzate, very rich in starch, of considerable importance for food. Especially in the bitter varieties such tubers contain in their laticiferi, a liquid poison for the presence of a glucoside (manihotossina) that decomposes easily giving rise to the formation of hydrocyanic acid, drawback which is removed with the washing and cooking. In the countries of origin the tubers are consumed directly, or reduced to flour; if it also extracts a starch with which it produces the tapioca, food very light and nutritious, also often used in Europe for the preparation of dietetic foods. 1) Artiodactyl tilopode (Blade pacos) family of camelids, very similar to the guanaco and who lives today only the state home, equal to that of the blade. Has mantle with very long hair and thick, chocolate color, but often also very different, stature smaller than the blade, head shorter and ears shorter. Limited to Peru and Bolivia, lived in the wild state, probably up to 200 a. C. when it was tamed.